1982 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1982:
Events
January
- January 8 - The Airbus A300 is certified, becoming the first wide-body airliner with cockpit accommodations for only two to be certified.
- January 10 – A Gulfstream III, Spirit of America, flies around the world in just 43 hours 39 minutes and 6 seconds, becoming the fastest business jet to fly around the world.
- January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90, a Boeing 737-222, strikes the 14th Street Bridge and crashes into the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., shortly after takeoff during a snowstorm from Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia. Seventy-four of the 79 people on board die and all five survivors are injured; four people die and five are injured in cars on the bridge. Television cameras capture the dramatic rescue of the five survivors from the frozen river by police helicopters.
- January 18 – While practicing a line-abreast loop at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field in Nevada, four T-38 Talons of the United States Air Force Thunderbirds air demonstration team crash, killing all four pilots. It remains the worst accident involving show aircraft in Thunderbirds history. The Thunderbirds' entire 1982 season will be cancelled, and their next performance will not take place until the spring of 1983, 18 months after their last one.
- January 22 – An F/A-18 Hornet makes a fully automated landing, its autopilot linked to a ground radar at Naval Air Test Center Patuxent River, Maryland.
- January 23 – Landing on an icy runway at Boston Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, World Airways Flight 30, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 carrying 212 people, is unable to stop before sliding off the end of the runway. Its pilots steer it off the runway, and it skids into Boston Harbor, where its cockpit and forward galley separate from the passenger cabin and three passengers seated in the first row are thrown into the water; two of them are never found. All others aboard survive, including actress Justine Shapiro.
- January 27 – Cessna delivers its 1,000th business jet.
February
March
April
May
- In May and June, British BAE Sea Harriers destroy 23 Argentinian Air Force aircraft without combat loss to themselves.[5]
- May 1 - A Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan bomber based on Ascension Island attacks the airfield at Port Stanley on East Falkland Island. It is the first strike of Operation Black Buck, a series of five very-long-range missions to strike Argentinian positions in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands. Each mission requires a 16-hour round trip of almost 8,000 nautical miles (9,200 statute miles; 15,000 km); they are the longest bombing missions in world history up to that time, and are not exceeded in distance and duration until the 1991 Gulf War.[6]
- May 1 - BAE Sea Harriers attack Falklands targets for the first time and shoot down two Argentine Mirage III fighters. They are the first air-to-air kills of the Falklands War.[7]
- May 1 - American Airlines launches AAdvantage, the first frequent flyer program in history. United Airlines launches its own program, Mileage Plus, only a week later.
- May 3 – Iraq shoots down an aircraft bound for Tehran, Iran, carrying Algerian Foreign Minister Mohammed Ben Yahia and 12 of his colleagues. The incident ends an Algerian attempt to mediate between Iran and Iraq and bring an end to the Iran-Iraq War.[8]
- May 4 - Argentinian Navy Super Étendard aircraft fatally damage the British destroyer Sheffield with an Exocet missile southeast of the Falkland Islands.[9] Sheffield sinks on May 10.
- May 4 - The British lose their first Sea Harrier of the Falklands War, shot down by ground fire during a bombing raid over Goose Green on East Falkland Island. The pilot is killed.[10]
- May 13 - Braniff International Airways' president Howard D. Putnam announces the airline has filed for protection under bankruptcy laws, and the airline's fleet of 71 aircraft is grounded.
- May 18 - American Airlines' 1 millionth passenger is flown.
- May 21 - British ground troops begin landing at San Carlos on East Falkland Island, and the Argentinian Air Force begins a seven-day-long bombing campaign against British ships in Falkland Sound and San Carlos Water; it will be the Royal Navy's largest combat engagement since the end of World War II in August 1945. On the first day, the Argentinians sink the British frigate Ardent but lose 16 aircraft.[11]
- May 22 – The first aircraft carrier to be launched in Spain, Principe de Asturias, is launched at Ferrol.
- May 23 - Argentina loses seven aircraft during raids against British warships in Falkland Sound and San Carlos Water.[12]
- May 24 - The last service by a British Airways Boeing 707, from Cairo, Egypt to London, is performed.
- May 24 - Argentinian bombers sink the British frigate Antelope in Falkland Sound.[13]
- May 25 - North of the Falkland Islands, Argentinian Air Force A-4 Skyhawk bombers sink the British destroyer Coventry with two 1,000-pound (454-kg) bomb hits and two Argentinian Navy Super Étendard strike aircraft sink the container ship SS Atlantic Conveyor with two Exocet anti-ship missile hits.[14] Eleven helicopters are lost aboard Atlantic Conveyor.
- May 30 – The Royal Australian Navy decommissions its last aircraft carrier, HMAS Melbourne (R21).
June
- During the June–September 1982 Lebanon War, Israeli Air Force F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft shoot down 82 Syrian Air Force aircraft - mainly MiG-21s and MiG-23s - without loss in air-to-air combat.[15]
- June 6 – The Royal Navy destroyer HMS Cardiff mistakenly shoots down a British Army Air Corps Westland Gazelle helicopter with two Sea Dart surface-to-air missiles near Pleasant Peak on East Falkland Island, killing all four occupants of the helicopter.
- June 8 – VASP Flight 168, a Boeing 727-212A, crashes into a mountainside near Pacatuba, Ceará, Brazil, while on approach to Fortaleza, killing all 137 people on board.
- June 8 – Argentine bombers destroy the British landing ship Sir Galahad and badly damage the landing ship Sir Tristram at Fitzroy on East Falkland Island, killing 51 men, 48 of them aboard Sir Galahad.[16]
- June 12 – Operation Black Buck concludes with the last of five very-long range strikes on the Falkland Islands by Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan bombers.
- June 14 – Argentinian forces on the Falkland Islands surrender to British forces, ending the Falklands War. During the war, the British had destroyed 109 Argentinian planes, compared to only 34 lost by the British.
- June 21 – The Air India Boeing 707-437 Gouri Shankar, operating as Air India Flight 403, crashes while landing in a rainstorm at Sahar International Airport in Bombay, India, killing 17 of the 111 people on board.
- June 24 – The Boeing 747-236B City of Edinburgh, operating as British Airways Flight 9 with 263 people on board, flies through a cloud of volcanic ash south of Java. All of its engines shut down, but the crew is able to restart them and make a safe landing at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport in Djakarta, Indonesia.
July
- July 2 – In the homemade Inspiration I, consisting of a patio chair attached to 45 eight-foot (2.4-m) helium-filled weather balloons, American truck driver Larry Walters lifts off from the back yard of a home in San Pedro, California, planning to drift at an altitude of about 30 feet (9.1 m) for a few hours before using a pellet gun to shoot out some balloons and descend gradually. Instead, Inspiration 1 quickly ascends to an altitude of 15,000 feet (4,572 m). After drifting into controlled airspace near Long Beach Airport, he uses the pellet gun to shoot out several of his balloons before accidentally dropping the pellet gun overboard. He gradually descends, becomes entangled in power lines, climbs down safely, and is arrested.
- July 6 – After the engine fire warning lights illuminate for two of their Ilyushin Il-62's four engines shortly after takeoff from Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport, the pilots of Aeroflot Flight 411 shut down the engines and attempt to return to the airport on their two remaining engines. The plane crashes in a field in Mendeleyevo, killing all 90 people on board. The engine fire warnings are later reported to be have been false alarms.
- July 9 – The Pan American World Airways Boeing 727-235 Clipper Defiance, operating as Flight 759, crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, immediately after takeoff from New Orleans International Airport, destroying six and severely damaging five houses. All 145 people on the plane and eight people on the ground die; a baby girl in one house survives in her crib, protected by debris from the fire started by the crash.
- July 13 – United States Navy Reserve Lieutenant Commander Barbara Allen Rainey dies in the crash of a T-34C Mentor trainer aircraft at Middleton Field near Evergreen, Alabama, during a training flight. In February 1974, as Barbara Ann Allen, she had become the first female aviator in the United States Armed Forces.[17]
August
- August 7 – Two members of the "Pierre Gulumian Commando" group of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) attack Esenboğa International Airport in Ankara, Turkey, detonating a bomb and then opening fire with submachine guns. Before police kill one of the attackers and wound and arrest the other after a two-hour shootout, nine people are killed and 72 injured.
- August 11 – A terrorist bomb explodes under a seat cushion on board the Pan American World Airways Boeing 747-121 Clipper Ocean Rover, operating as Flight 830 from Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, to Honolulu International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii, with 274 people on board. It kills a 16-year-old Japanese boy and injures 15 other people. The plane makes an emergency landing in Honolulu.
- August 26 – Southwest Air Lines Flight 611, a Boeing 737-200 operated by what later becomes Japan Transocean Air, overruns the runway while landing at Ishigaki Airport in Japan. There are no fatalities, but 67 of the 138 on board are injured and aircraft is destroyed by fire.
September
- September 1-30 – H. Ross Perot, Jr., and Jay W. Coburn fly their Bell LongRanger II helicopter Spirit of Texas around the world in 29 days, 3 hours, and 8 minutes, leaving from and returning to Dallas, Texas. It is the first time a trip around the world by helicopter is completed .
- September 13 – The flight crew of Spantax Flight 995, a chartered McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 with 394 people on board, aborts their takeoff at Málaga, Spain, after feeling a vibration and loses control of the aircraft, which rolls off the end of the runway, strikes vehicles while crossing a four-lane highway, and bursts into flames in a field. Fifty people on board die, as do three people in vehicles on the highway; 110 people on board the plane are injured.
October
November
December
First flights
February
March
April
June
August
September
November
December
Entered service
February
December
References
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, pp. 127-131.
- ^ "China plane crash blamed on hijacker". The Bulletin. 22 September 1982. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EmEPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uYYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2185,117764&dq=china+plane+crash&hl=en. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, p. 345.
- ^ Scheina, Robert L., Latin America: A Naval History 1810-1987, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987, ISBN 0-87021-295-8, p. 258.
- ^ Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 13579108642, p. 46.
- ^ Wikipedia Operation Black Buck article.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, pp. 145-147.
- ^ Brogan, Patrick, The Fighting Never Stopped: A Comprehensive Guide to Global Conflict Since 1945, New York: Vintage Books, 1990, ISBN 0-679-72033-2, pp. 253-254.
- ^ Scheina, Robert L., Latin America: A Naval History 1810-1987, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987, ISBN 0-87021-295-8, p. 233.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, pp. 127-131.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, pp. 205, 345.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, p. 345.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, p. 345.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, p. 225-229.
- ^ Crosby, Francis, The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day, London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, ISBN 13579108642, p. 44.
- ^ Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983, no ISBN, pp. 279-283, 345.
- ^ Wooldridge, E.T., Captain (ret.), USN, "Snapshots From the First Century of Naval Aviation," Proceedings, September 2011, p. 56.
- ^ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 377.
- ^ Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 58.
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